Clinical Articles

Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography and for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Diagnosis: An Update From the American Society of Echocardiography

Sherif Nagueh, MD, FASE, et al.
Learn More

Echocardiographic Characterization of Myocardial Stiffness in Healthy Volunteers, Cardiac Amyloidosis, and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Case-Control Study Using Multimodality Imaging 

Dominik Benz, MD, et al.
Learn More

The Stiffer, the Faster: Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Properties

Torvald Espeland, MD, et al.
Learn More

Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in Cardiology

Annette Caenen, PhD, et al.
Learn More

Smart Ultrasound Device for Non-Invasive Real-Time Myocardial Stiffness Quanification of the Human Heart

Olivier Pedreira, et al.
Learn More

Shear Wave Imaging of Passive Diastolic Myocardial Stiffness

Mathieu Pernot, PhD, et al.
Learn More

4D Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging of Naturally Occurring Shear Waves in the Human Heart

Clement Papadacci, et al.
Learn More

Myocardial Stiffness Evaluation Using Noninvasive Shear Wave Imaging in Healthy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathic Adults

Olivier Villemain, MD, et al.
Learn More

Bibliography

Preclinical

  1. Impact of shear wave dispersion slope analysis for assessing the severity of myocarditis.
    Amioka N, Takaya Y, Nakamura K, Kondo M, Akazawa K, Ohno Y, Ichikawa K, Nakayama R, Saito Y, Akagi S, Miyoshi T, Yoshida M, Morita H, Ito H. 
    Sci Rep. 
    2022 May 24;12(1):8776.

  2. Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in Cardiology.
    Caenen A, Bézy S, Pernot M, Nightingale KR, Vos HJ, Voigt JU, Segers P, D’hooge J. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2024 Mar;17(3):314-329.

  3. Transmural Wave Speed Gradient May Distinguish Intrinsic Myocardial Stiffening From Preload-Induced Changes in Operational Stiffness in Shear Wave Elastography.
    Caenen A, Bezy S, Petrescu A, Werner A, Voigt JU, D’hooge J, Segers P. 
    IEEE Trans Biomed Eng.
    2023 Jan;70(1):259-270.

  4. Continuous shear wave measurements for dynamic cardiac stiffness evaluation in pigs.
    Caenen A, Keijzer L, Bézy S, Duchenne J, Orlowska M, Van Der Steen AFW, De Jong N, Bosch JG, Voigt JU, D’hooge J, Vos HJ. 
    Sci Rep.
    2023 Oct 17;13(1):17660.

  5. An in silico framework to analyze the anisotropic shear wave mechanics in cardiac shear wave elastography.
    Caenen A, Pernot M, Peirlinck M, Mertens L, Swillens A, Segers P.
    Phys Med Biol.
    2018 Mar 23;63(7):075005.

  6. Investigating Shear Wave Physics in a Generic Pediatric Left Ventricular Model via In Vitro Experiments and Finite Element Simulations.
    Caenen A, Pernot M, Shcherbakova DA, Mertens L, Kersemans M, Segers P, Swillens A.
    IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control.
    2017 Feb;64(2):349-361.

  7. Anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel phantom for shear wave elastography in fibrous biological soft tissue: a multimodality characterization.
    Chatelin S, Bernal M, Deffieux T, Papadacci C, Flaud P, Nahas A, Boccara C, Gennisson JL, Tanter M, Pernot M. 
    Phys Med Biol.
    2014 Nov 21;59(22):6923-40.

  8. 3D elastic tensor imaging in weakly transversely isotropic soft tissues.
    Correia M, Deffieux T, Chatelin S, Provost J, Tanter M, Pernot M. 
    Phys Med Biol.
    2018 Jul 25;63(15):155005.

  9. In vivo quantitative mapping of myocardial stiffening and transmural anisotropy during the cardiac cycle.
    Couade M, Pernot M, Messas E, Bel A, Ba M, Hagege A, Fink M, Tanter M.  
    IEEE Trans Med Imaging.
    2011 Feb;30(2):295-305.

  10. Myocardial Thermal Ablation with a Transesophageal High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Probe: Experiments on Beating Heart Models.
    Greillier P, Ankou B, Bour P, Zorgani A, Abell E, Lacoste R, Bessière F, Pernot M, Catheline S, Quesson B, Chevalier P, Lafon C. 
    Ultrasound Med Biol.
    2018 Dec;44(12):2625-2636.

  11. A direct comparison of natural and acoustic-radiation-force-induced cardiac mechanical waves.
    Keijzer LBH, Caenen A, Voorneveld J, Strachinaru M, Bowen DJ, van de Wouw J, Sorop O, Merkus D, Duncker DJ, van der Steen AFW, de Jong N, Bosch JG, Vos HJ. 
    Sci Rep.
    2020 Oct 28;10(1):18431.

  12. Mapping myocardial fiber orientation using echocardiography-based shear wave imaging.
    Lee WN, Pernot M, Couade M, Messas E, Bruneval P, Bel A, Hagège AA, Fink M, Tanter M. 
    IEEE Trans Med Imaging.
    2012 Mar;31(3):554-62.

  13. Quantitative stiffness assessment of cardiac grafts using ultrasound in a porcine model: A tissue biomarker for heart transplantation.
    Pedreira O, Papadacci C, Augeul L, Loufouat J, Lo-Grasso M, Tanter M, Ferrera R, Pernot M.
    EBioMedicine.
    2022 Sep;83:104201.

  14. Real-time assessment of myocardial contractility using shear wave imaging.
    Pernot M, Couade M, Mateo P, Crozatier B, Fischmeister R, Tanter M.  
    J Am Coll Cardiol.
    2011 Jun 28;58(1):65-72.

  15. Shear Wave Imaging of Passive Diastolic Myocardial Stiffness: Stunned Versus Infarcted Myocardium.
    Pernot M, Lee WN, Bel A, Mateo P, Couade M, Tanter M, Crozatier B, Messas E. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2016 Sep;9(9):1023-1030.

  16. Impact of loading, heart rate, and short episodes of ischaemia on myocardial stiffness assessed using shear wave elastography in an open-chest animal model.
    Saloux E, Simard C, Ruello P, Lemaitre A, Hodzic A, Lebrun A, Dupont PA, Tribouilloy C, Eltchaninoff H, Le Garec M, Fraschini C, Saplacan V, Manrique A. 
    Eur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract.
    2025 Feb 10;3(1):qyaf015.

  17. Efficacy of shear wave elasticity for evaluating myocardial hypertrophy in hypertensive rats.
    Takaya Y, Nakamura K, Nakayama R, Ohtsuka H, Amioka N, Kondo M, Akazawa K, Ohno Y, Ichikawa K, Saito Y, Akagi S, Yoshida M, Miyoshi T, Ito H.
    Sci Rep.
    2021 Nov 24;11(1):22812.

  18. Assessment of Diastolic Function Using Ultrasound Elastography.
    Vejdani-Jahromi M, Freedman J, Kim YJ, Trahey GE, Wolf PD. 
    Ultrasound Med Biol.
    2018 Mar;44(3):551-561.

Clinical

  1. Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography in Cardiology. 
    Caenen A, Bézy S, Pernot M, Nightingale KR, Vos HJ, Voigt JU, Segers P, D’hooge J.
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 
    2024 Mar;17(3):314-329.

  2. Noninvasive assessment of myocardial stiffness using shear wave elastography in Amyloidosis and Fabry disease.
    Cafezeiro CR, Neto AA, Romero CE, Pereira NM, Bueno BV, Rissato JH, Pereira FL, Chammas MC, Tavares MD, Ramires FJ, Jr WM, Rochitte CE, Hotta VT, Fernandes F. 
    Curr Probl Cardiol.
    2025 Jun;50(6):103038.

  3. Mechanical Wave Velocities in Left Ventricular Walls in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Aortic Stenosis.
    Espeland T, Wigen MS, Dalen H, Berg EAR, Hammer TA, Salles S, Lovstakken L, Amundsen BH, Aakhus S.
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging
    2024 Feb;17(2):111-124.

  4. PACIFIC consortium. Rationale and design of the PACIFIC-PRESERVED study.
    Hulot JS, Janiak P, Boutinaud P, Boutouyrie P, Chézalviel-Guilbert F, Christophe JJ, Cohen A, Damy T, Djadi-Prat J, Firat H, Hervé PY, Isnard R, Jondeau G, Mousseaux E, Pernot M, Prot P, Tyl B, Soulat G, Logeart D; 
    Arch Cardiovasc Dis.
    2024 May;117(5):332-342.

  5. Evaluation of Myocardial Stiffness in Cardiac Amyloidosis Using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse and Natural Shear Wave Imaging.
    Jin FQ, Kakkad V, Bradway DP, LeFevre M, Kisslo J, Khouri MG, Trahey GE. 
    Ultrasound Med Biol.
    2023 Aug;49(8):1719-1727.

  6. Parasternal Versus Apical View in Cardiac Natural Mechanical Wave Speed Measurements.
    Keijzer LBH, Strachinaru M, Bowen DJ, Caenen A, van Steen AFW, Verweij MD, de Jong N, Bosch JG, Vos HJ. 
    IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control.
    2020 Aug;67(8):1590-1602.

  7. Reproducibility of Natural Shear Wave Elastography Measurements.
    Keijzer LBH, Strachinaru M, Bowen DJ, Geleijnse ML, van der Steen AFW, Bosch JG, de Jong N, Vos HJ. 
    Ultrasound Med Biol.
    2019 Dec;45(12):3172-3185.

  8. Detection of Tissue Fibrosis using Natural Mechanical Wave Velocity Estimation: Feasibility Study.
    Kvåle KF, Salles S, Lervik LCN, Støylen A, Løvstakken L, Samset E, Torp H. 
    Ultrasound Med Biol.
    2020 Sep;46(9):2481-2492.

  9. Impact of Ventricular Geometric Characteristics on Myocardial Stiffness Assessment Using Shear-Wave Velocity in Healthy Children and Young Adults.
    Malik A, Baranger J, Nguyen MB, Slorach C, Hui W, Villalobos Lizardi JC, Venet M, Friedberg MK, Mertens L, Villemain O. 
    J Am Soc Echocardiogr.
    2023 Aug;36(8):849-857.
    Epub 2023 Feb 24. PMID: 36842514.

  10. Cardiac Elastography With External Vibration for Quantification of Diastolic Myocardial Stiffness.
    Meyer T, Wellge B, Barzen G, Klemmer Chandia S, Knebel F, Hahn K, Elgeti T, Fischer T, Braun J, Tzschätzsch H, Sack I. 
    J Am Soc Echocardiogr.
    2025 May;38(5):431-442.

  11. Assessment of right ventricular myocardial stiffness by cardiac elastography in patients with transthyretin amyloidosis.
    Neto ACA, Pereira NM, Romero CE, Cafezeiro CRF, Bueno BVK, Rissato JH, Pereira FL, Chammas MC, Ramires FJA, Mady C, Junior WM, Filho RK, Fernandes F.
    Curr Probl Cardiol.
    2025 Jan;50(1):102867.
  12. 4D Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging of Naturally Occurring Shear Waves in the Human Heart.
    Papadacci C, Finel V, Villemain O, Tanter M, Pernot M. 
    IEEE Trans Med Imaging.
    2020 Dec;39(12):4436-4444.

  13. Myocardial Stiffness Assessment by Ultrasound: Are We Ready for the Clinical “Lift Off”?
    Pernot M, Villemain O. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2020 Nov;13(11):2314-2315.

  14. Stone Liver, Heart in Danger: Could the Liver Stiffness Assessment Improve the Management of Patients With Heart Failure?
    Pernot M, Villemain O. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2019 Jun;12(6):965-966.

  15. Shear Wave Elastography Using High-Frame-Rate Imaging in the Follow-Up of Heart Transplantation Recipients.
    Petrescu A, Bézy S, Cvijic M, Santos P, Orlowska M, Duchenne J, Pedrosa J, Van Keer JM, Verbeken E, von Bardeleben RS, Droogne W, Bogaert J, Van Cleemput J, D’hooge J, Voigt JU. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2020 Nov;13(11):2304-2313.

  16. Velocities of Naturally Occurring Myocardial Shear Waves Increase With Age and in Cardiac Amyloidosis.
    Petrescu A, Santos P, Orlowska M, Pedrosa J, Bézy S, Chakraborty B, Cvijic M, Dobrovie M, Delforge M, D’hooge J, Voigt JU. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2019 Dec;12(12):2389-2398.

  17. Diastolic Myocardial Stiffness Assessed by Shear Wave Elastography in Children With a Fontan Circulation.
    Salaets T, Venet M, Malik A, Baranger J, Mertens L, Villemain O. 
    J Am Soc Echocardiogr.
    2024 Nov;37(11):1116-1118.

  18. 3D Myocardial Mechanical Wave Measurements: Toward In Vivo 3D Myocardial Elasticity Mapping.
    Salles S, Espeland T, Molares A, Aase SA, Hammer TA, Støylen A, Aakhus S, Lovstakken L, Torp H. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2021 Aug;14(8):1495-1505.
    Epub 2020 Aug 26. Erratum in: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023 Feb;16(2):268.

  19. Natural Shear Wave Imaging in the Human Heart: Normal Values, Feasibility, and Reproducibility
    Santos P, Petrescu AM, Pedrosa JP, Orlowska M, Komini V, Voigt JU, D’hooge J. .
    IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control.
    2019 Mar;66(3):442-452.

  20. Local myocardial stiffness variations identified by high frame rate shear wave echocardiography.
    Strachinaru M, Bosch JG, Schinkel AFL, Michels M, Feyz L, de Jong N, Geleijnse ML, Vos HJ.  Cardiovasc Ultrasound.
    2020 Sep 29;18(1):40.

  21. Naturally Occurring Shear Waves in Healthy Volunteers and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients.
    Strachinaru M, Bosch JG, van Gils L, van Dalen BM, Schinkel AFL, van der Steen AFW, de Jong N, Michels M, Vos HJ, Geleijnse ML. 
    Ultrasound Med Biol.
    2019 Aug;45(8):1977-1986.

  22. Shear wave elastography to unmask differences in myocardial stiffness between athletes and sedentary non-athletes.
    Taha K, Bekhuis Y, de Bosscher R, Dausin C, Orlowska M, Youssef AS, Bézy S, Cornelissen V, Herbots L, Willems R, Voigt JU, D’hooge J, Claessen G. 
    Eur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract.
    2025 Mar 21;2(4):qyaf023.

  23. Toward non-invasive assessment of myocardial work using myocardial stiffness and strain: a human pilot study.
    Venet M, Baranger J, Malik A, Nguyen MB, Mital S, Friedberg MK, Pernot M, Papadacci C, Salles S, Chaturvedi R, Mertens L, Villemain O. 
    Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2025 Mar 14:jeaf089.

  24. Myocardial Stiffness Assessment Using Shear Wave Imaging in Pediatric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
    Villemain O, Correia M, Khraiche D, Podetti I, Meot M, Legendre A, Tanter M, Bonnet D, Pernot M. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2018 May;11(5):779-781.

  25. Myocardial Stiffness Evaluation Using Noninvasive Shear Wave Imaging in Healthy and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathic Adults.
    Villemain O, Correia M, Mousseaux E, Baranger J, Zarka S, Podetti I, Soulat G, Damy T, Hagège A, Tanter M, Pernot M, Messas E. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2019 Jul;12(7 Pt 1):1135-1145.

  26. Toward Noninvasive Assessment of CVP Variations Using Real-Time and Quantitative Liver Stiffness Estimation.
    Villemain O, Sitefane F, Pernot M, Malekzadeh-Milani S, Tanter M, Bonnet D, Boudjemline Y. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2017 Oct;10(10 Pt B):1285-1286.

  27. Evolution of Natural Myocardial Shear Wave Behavior in Young Hearts: Determinant Factors and Reproducibility Analysis.
    Youssef AS, Petrescu A, Salaets T, Bézy S, Wouters L, Orlowska M, Caenen A, Duchenne J, Puvrez A, Cools B, Heying R, D’hooge J, Gewillig M, Voigt JU. 
    J Am Soc Echocardiogr.
    2024 Nov;37(11):1051-1061.

  28. Shear-Wave Elastography Reflects Myocardial Stiffness Changes in Pediatric Inflammatory Syndrome Post COVID-19.
    Youssef AS, Salaets T, Bézy S, Wouters L, Orlowska M, Caenen A, Duchenne J, Puvrez A, De Somer L, Cools B, D’hooge J, Gewillig M, Voigt JU. 
    JACC Cardiovasc Imaging.
    2024.

Technology

  1. Assessing cardiac stiffness using ultrasound shear wave elastography.
    Caenen A, Pernot M, Nightingale KR, Voigt JU, Vos HJ, Segers P, D’hooge J. 
    Phys Med Biol.
    2022 Jan 17;67(2).

  2. Modelling the impulse diffraction field of shear waves in transverse isotropic viscoelastic medium.
    Chatelin S, Gennisson JL, Bernal M, Tanter M, Pernot M. 
    Phys Med Biol.
    2015 May 7;60(9):3639-54.

  3. Ultrafast Harmonic Coherent Compound (UHCC) Imaging for High Frame Rate Echocardiography and Shear-Wave Elastography.
    Correia M, Provost J, Chatelin S, Villemain O, Tanter M, Pernot M. 
    IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control.
    2016 Mar;63(3):420-31.

  4. In vivo quantitative mapping of myocardial stiffening and transmural anisotropy during the cardiac cycle.
    Couade M, Pernot M, Messas E, Bel A, Ba M, Hagege A, Fink M, Tanter M.
    IEEE Trans Med Imaging.
    2011 Feb;30(2):295-305.

  5. 4-D ultrafast shear-wave imaging.
    Gennisson JL, Provost J, Deffieux T, Papadacci C, Imbault M, Pernot M, Tanter M. 
    IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control.
    2015 Jun;62(6):1059-65.

  6. Cardiac shear-wave elastography using a transesophageal transducer: application to the mapping of thermal lesions in ultrasound transesophageal cardiac ablation.
    Kwiecinski W, Bessière F, Colas EC, N’Djin WA, Tanter M, Lafon C, Pernot M. 
    Phys Med Biol.
    2015 Oct 21;60(20):7829-46.

  7. Quantitative evaluation of atrial radio frequency ablation using intracardiac shear-wave elastography.
    Kwiecinski W, Provost J, Dubois R, Sacher F, Haïssaguerre M, Legros M, Nguyen-Dinh A, Dufait R, Tanter M, Pernot M. 
    Med Phys.
    2014 Nov;41(11):112901.

  8. Mapping myocardial fiber orientation using echocardiography-based shear wave imaging.
    Lee WN, Pernot M, Couade M, Messas E, Bruneval P, Bel A, Hagège AA, Fink M, Tanter M.
    IEEE Trans Med Imaging.
    2012 Mar;31(3):554-62.

  9. M. High-contrast ultrafast imaging of the heart.
    Papadacci C, Pernot M, Couade M, Fink M, Tanter.
    IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control.
    2014 Feb;61(2):288-301.

  10. Smart Ultrasound Device for Non-Invasive Real-Time Myocardial Stiffness Quantification of the Human Heart.
    Pedreira O, Correia M, Chatelin S, Villemain O, Goudot G, Thiebaut S, Bassan G, Messas E, Tanter M, Papadacci C, Pernot M. 
    IEEE Trans Biomed Eng.
    2022 Jan;69(1):42-52.

Q&A Videos

Hear from eMyosound’s founders and clinical experts about this revolutionary new approach to cardiac diagnostics.

Why is the assessment of myocardial stiffness a critical factor in the detection and management of cardiac pathologies, and how does eMyosound address this unmet need?

What is the eMyosound system, and how is its ultrasound technology unique and innovative for assessing cardiac stiffness?

Compared to conventional imaging methods, what are the technical advantages of using shear waves to measure myocardial stiffness?

What is the role of your probe in generating and tracking shear waves, and how does this contribute to the quantitative measurement of tissue stiffness?

What role have research institutions and partnerships played in the foundation and development of eMyosound?

How is the propagation speed of shear waves directly related to tissue stiffness? And how does your system exploit this relationship to provide a quantitative asseessment?

What were the key milestones, such as preclinical validation and the first proof-of-concept in humans, that marked the development of eMyosound’s technology?

How did you meet and what brought you together?

How would you describe the dynamic of your founding team? Who brings what to the table in terms of skills and personality?

Where did the specific idea to develop a non-invasive ultrasound-based solution for cardiac stiffness assessment come from? What gap in the field of cardiology were you looking to fill?

What is eMyosound’s vision for the future of cardiology, and how do you plan to continue advancing this field?

Background pattern topBackground pattern bottom

Let’s Connect

Whether you’re a clinician, researcher, or industry leader, we invite you to join eMyosound’s mission in transforming cardiac healthcare for patients.

Contact Us